Flood irrigation involves:

• A. Drip irrigation
• B. Furrow irrigation
• C. Flood irrigation
• D. Sprinkler irrigation

Answer: (C)

Flood irrigation is a surface irrigation method where water is released onto the field and allowed to flow over the soil by gravity, wetting and infiltrating the entire field. This simple, gravity-driven flooding is typical on flat, level fields and basins to spread water across the surface. It differs from drip irrigation, which delivers water directly to the root zone through emitters, and from sprinkler irrigation, which applies water with overhead sprays. Furrow irrigation is another surface method where water runs down narrow channels between crop rows; it’s gravity-driven but concentrates flow in the furrows rather than flooding the whole field. The defining idea is water spreading across the field surface to wet the soil, which is why flood irrigation fits the description.